Royal Observatory

Facts and information

Address:: Royal Observatory, Greenwich Park, Greenwich,
London SE10 8XJ
England
Website:: www.nmm.ac.uk
Opening times:: 10 AM to 5 PM (Mon–Sun); Last admission 4.30 PM
Cost:: Adults £7.00; Children free (under-16); Note: Opening times and ticket costs can change at short notice. Opening times may not apply on public holidays.
Telephone:: Work +44 (0) 208 858 4422
Buses:: 180 189 386
Trains:: Cutty Sark DLR, Greenwich DLR, Maze Hill
: Hotels near Royal Observatory
: Restaurants near Royal Observatory

View of the Royal Observatory on top of Greenwich Hill

^{Royal Observatory, Greenwich} Entrance to the Royal Observatory in Greenwich

^{The Royal Observatory}

^{The Royal Observatory, c.1824}

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The Royal Observatory was founded by Charles II in 1675 to provide the Navy with new navigation devices. The big problem of the day was the lack of reliable longitudes, and it was hoped that the Observatory might help the provide the scientists with better information.

A location was found in Greenwich atop the highest piece of ground. The design was entrusted to Christopher Wren, who was busy rebuilding the city after the Great Fire of London. He named the building Flamsteed House, after the first Astronomer Royal – John Flamsteed.

Although it has lost most of its original interior decoration, one of the few surviving rooms is one of the best – the Octagon Room – from which he trained his telescopes on the sky.

Prime Meridian, and Greenwich Mean Time

The Royal Observatory’s first success was the publication of the British Nautical Almanac – which charted star positions throughout the seasons. The importance of this book led to the adoption of Greenwich Mean Time throughout the world.

The Prime Meridian marks the point at which the earth’s eastern hemisphere meets the west – the line which splits the world in two. Anything west of the line is ahead of GMT, and anything to the left is behind. This is what gives the world its time zones.

You can straddle this line yourself, as it is marked upon the ground. A favourite photo for tourists everywhere is to snap yourself with a foot on either side.

A pleasing tradition that still remains today sees a large red ball lowered from the turret every day at noon (or 1PM in the summer) – so that passing ships might check their chronometers. Maybe you’d like to check your watches too.

This line was eventually fixed by international agreement at a conference held in Washington in 1884. (Much to France’s chagrin!)

Royal Observatory Museum, and Planetarium

The observatory’s second success was to provide an instrument capable of measuring longitude within an accuracy of a few seconds. A watchmaker named John Harrison came up with the goods, and his clocks and watches can still be seen in the building’s museum. He was eventually paid a reward of £20,000 for his efforts – but he had to wait half-a-century for recognition.

As the 20th-century approached, the smoke from the encroaching city meant that the observatory lost its clear skies, and its telescopes were moved to Sussex.

The building now houses a fine collection of early watches, timepieces and telescopes – including a 28-inch refractor dating back to 1857. (Still one of the largest in the world.) There is also a collection of 17th-century furniture.

The Royal Observatory also has its own planetarium with daily shows.

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Drummerboy’s blog – Royal Observatory

Drummerboy – “The best bit was the planetarium. I remember going to the big one by Madame Tussauds when I was a kid, but they’ve shut it down now. So this is the only planetarium left in London. It’s a big round room with a 360 degree dome above your head, and the cinema-style seats are angled back a bit so you can have a kip if you get bored. The whole place is dimmed down to total darkness (pitch black) and an Irish guy gives the commentary. Our show was a bit of a kid-style one with shout-out answers for the audience, but apparently they do a few different kinds with different visuals… continued.”